Cardiology & Resuscitation · CAR-3
You are the paramedic in a ten-floor office building lobby, where a 55-year-old man has collapsed next to an elevator and is not breathing. Your team has started compressions. No advanced airway is in place yet, and bag-mask ventilation is being set up. Which compression-to-breath ratio should the team use now?
- A15 compressions to 2 breaths
- B1 breath every 6 seconds with continuous compressions
- C30 compressions to 1 breath
- D30 compressions to 2 breaths
The answer is D
Why it is right. In the AHA 2025 adult arrest algorithm, 30 compressions to 2 breaths is used when no advanced airway is in place. The 1-breath-every-6-seconds pattern starts only after an advanced airway is placed. The 15-to-2 ratio is a pediatric two-rescuer ratio and does not apply to this adult.
Why each of the others was tempting
AThe pediatric two-rescuer ratio applies to adults
Would be right if: The patient were a child before puberty and two rescuers were working
What rules it out: The patient is a 55-year-old adult.
BThe advanced-airway rhythm is used as soon as ventilation starts
Would be right if: An advanced airway were already placed
What rules it out: No advanced airway is in place yet.
COne breath per cycle saves time
Would be right if: The algorithm called for one breath per cycle without an advanced airway
What rules it out: No advanced airway is in place, so the standard cycle is 2 breaths.
The key against the next best. The key uses the adult ratio for an unprotected airway, while the strongest distractor applies the pediatric two-rescuer ratio to an adult.
